Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Scarlet Letter And Their Eyes Were Watching God

Currently, this generation lies in a time of unprecedented growth and change. The last few decades have endured years of transformation thereby allowing for the evolution of the human mind. The evolution of the human mind and its thought process all lies within cultural beliefs; beliefs affect attitudes and attitudes invertedly affect behavior. These behaviors may implement a form of prejudice and discrimination upon a certain group of individuals. Perhaps the most concurred concept revolving around attitudes and behaviors rests upon gender roles. This flawed concept created by man himself has indoctrinated society to acquire a negative perception of women. Women carry a stigma that they are both unintelligent and are subordinate to their†¦show more content†¦This ridicule has a trickle down effect on Hester as she too is banished from her own community for committing adultery. The comparison between Hester and Hawthorne defines the external struggle for the reader to fully understand the effect of opinions from society on them Although reluctant to allow Hester to leave prison, the members of the town suggest that her punishment be to wear a scarlet red letter A on her bosom, thereby allowing all to know of her crime. The scarlet letter â€Å" was red-hot with infernal fire, † (Hawthorne 81) and defined the state she was currently in, that being eternal hell. Though she was forced to marry an older man at a young age, her rebellion to have an affair is not seen as an internal struggle that she overcame; rather, it is merely seen as a woman who sinned, a woman who shall therefore endure the punishment for the sin, rather than a woman who was never given a say in what she wanted with her life. Time and again, Hester Prynne is seen defying society by allowing herself to stand out from societal norm just as the roses â€Å"with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisonerâ€Å" (Hawthorne) did. Instead, she returns to the community and is observed aiding those in need, all with seven year old Pearl by her side.Show MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston And The Scarlet Letter1852 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough an unappreciated aspect of one’s status in society would be futile. Therefore, an individual must find his or her value to society and utilize it as their method for rebellion. This is exemplified in both Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, as women rebel against society without using their voices. The main characters, Janie and Hester, defy gender roles through external appearances, maintaining silence, and accepting sexuality. BothRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Crucible And The Scarlet Letter1111 Words   |  5 Pagesresulting in the loss of control and power over the people. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Crucible by Arthu r Miller depict those same societal issues. The Scarlet Letter explains the consequences, that a women has to face on her own after she committed adultery in a Puritan society. The Crucible follows the Salem witch trials and the mass hysteria of the people in, an also, Puritan society. Both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible had a similar puritan society and way of questioningRead MoreThe Scaffold Scenes in Nathaniel Hawthrone ´s The Scarlet Letter791 Words   |  3 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is known as a psychological novel regarding humanity, sin, guilt, and a fair amount of other ambiguous concepts. One of those is the significance of the three scaffold scenes throughout the work. The scaffold scenes signify religious and moral ideas, such as sinfulness, the spiritual figures the characters each portray, and the character development achieved by public and private absolution. The first scaffold scene begins the novel. In chapters two throughRead MoreGender Roles In The Scarlet Letter1665 Words   |  7 Pagesexist in this era, however they were widely popular in past centuries and were considered to be parallel to that of the word of religion. Although The Scarlet Letter and Their Eyes Were Watching God take place in distinct eras, both introduce female protagonists who defy the gender stigma while carrying the burden of judgment from society on their backs. In 16th century Puritan society, Hester Prynne commits an agonizing crime that forever scars her name in the letter A, for her wrongdoings: adulteryRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1593 Words   |  7 PagesEinstein), but the society during the 1640’s prevents the people of New England to develop in a way that benefits their well being. In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, readers notice how the characters, Hester Prynne, Pearl Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and Arthur Dimmesdale act throughout the story. When reading The Scarlet Letter, the way society runs in New England, during the 1640s, changes the way the main characters act, some in a positive ways that end up helping the characterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s book The Scarlet Letter he exhibits how committing sin can entirely consume a person through the three characters Chillingworth, Dimmesdale, and Hester and how they change from the sin. In the beginning Chillingworth is painted as a man â€Å"well stricken in years, a pale, [and] thin† (6) man that slithers into the market place. After finding out that his wife, Prynne, has committed adultery he blames himself by saying he â€Å"betrayed [Hester’s] budding youth into false and unnaturalRead MoreEvil is In the Eyes of the Beholder: The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1611 Words   |  7 Pagesor the other, and is always thought to be good or bad. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Pearl is evil. Pearl is doomed from the beginning to be evil. â€Å"In giving her existence, a great law [is] broken.† (80) Pearl’s evilness is ultimately credited from her roots. Hester’s sin caused Pearl to be corrupt even before she was born. As a punishment to her mother, Pearl has to be spiteful. The letter was not a good enough punishment for Hester, and if Pearl is a perfect childRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter: Tales of Sin and Confession1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: Tales of Sin and Confession By: Zack Phillips The happiness of the wicked passes away like a torrent! This quote from Jean Baptiste Racin summarizes The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne in one sentence. The novels main focus is on three main characters and how the sins they commit affect their lives in the strict Puritan town of Boston around the year 1642. Hawthorne was very knowledgeable of his Puritan ancestry and shows it by incorporating some important thoughtsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The happiness of the wicked passes away like a torrent!† This quote from Jean Baptiste Racin summarizes The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne in one sentence. The novel’s main focus is on three main characters and how the sins they commit affect their lives in the strict Puritan town of Boston around the year 1642. Hawthorne was very knowledgeable of his Puritan ancestry and shows it by incorporating some important thoughts and traditions into this story about sin and confession. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : A Rebellion Against Puritanism2104 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: A Rebellion against Puritanism Puritanism was the beliefs or principles of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship which is shown in The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorn (Puritanism). Puritanism was a very strict, rigid religion which effected Hester Prynne and all other characters. In The Scarlet Letter many

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Theory Of The Prophet Muhammad - 917 Words

Introduction In exploring the questions of how certain ethicist would respond if they had the choice of stealing food to give to a starving child, it s important to draw from a thorough and broad spectrum of philosophers in order to explore the experiment fully. In trying to obtain the broadest set of hypothetical opinions we ll look at the reasoning of al-Ghazà ¢là ® from the medieval period, Immanuel Kant from the modern period, and finally Confucius an ancient ethical philosopher. By spanning the different centuries, cultures, and ethics of these great minds, we find three totally different approaches to answering that question. al-Ghazà ¢là ® The first ethicist chosen for this analysis is al-Ghazà ¢là ®, who as considered a divine command ethics. al-Ghazà ¢là ® s reasoning derived from not focusing on consequences on earth but what consequences one s actions would lead to in the afterlife. He believed that everyone should emulate the teaches of the Prophet Muhammad as a model of behav ior. Another interesting aspect of al-Ghazà ¢là ® s ethics where that a person shouldn t try to avoid the less than desirable facets of human nature but to work on controlling them (Griffel, 2016). Faced with the prospect of stealing food to give to a starving child, al-Ghazà ¢là ® would most likely agree that this was okay. Not only is it a well known fact that part of the Muslim faith requires those able to feed the hungry, but it is the fact that he held such close regard for the Prophet Muhammad sShow MoreRelatedDebating the Takeover After the Death of the Prophet Mohammad1370 Words   |  6 Pageswe know after the death of Prophet Mohammad, the Muslim community turned into disorder and people started to wonder what would happen now that he is dead as it was understood that he was the last to come in prophets’ chain and there will be no one coming after him. Many debates began about who should take over all the responsibilities he had as he was the spiritual, legal, political and military leader of the community, so in other words, the debates were whether Muhammad had already appointed a successorRead MoreIslam : A Religion Of Hatred And Crime1018 Words   |   5 Pagesapproximately 1.57 billion Muslims in the world today. The origin of Islam, Prophet Muhammad, and beliefs of Islam affect how Islam is being taught and viewed today. Islam originated 610 AD in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Throughout time there are many stories and legends on how Islam sprung. According to the Quran it declares, that the holy book of Islam was brought down by angel Gabriel from Allah. Angel Gabriel gave the holy book to Prophet Muhammad. To prove this, the Quran states, this is a revelation from theRead MoreThe Differences Between Christianity And Christianity1567 Words   |  7 Pagescomparison in these three faiths. The figure of Muhammad in the Muslim faith is known to non-muslims as the founder of the islamic tradition, but to muslims is the last prophet sent to earth by God. The figure of Moses is the most important prophet in Judaism. The figure of Jesus also known as the Messiah in christianity is viewed as the son of God who was sent down to earth to redeem every human soul. It is important to note that these three prophets are acknowledged in all three religions as messengersRead MoreThe Lives Of Muhammad By Kecia Ali875 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The lives of Muhammad by Kecia Ali is a modern book that describes the way the life of the prophet has been told by past authors. It looks at the manner in which he lived his life and some of the decisions that he made. However, many other authors who have written about the life of Prophet Muhammad but Kecia Ali bring out the unspoken perspective that many people hardly notice. She shies away from describing the truth spoken by anti-Muslims and Muslims alike. On the contrary, she analysesRead MoreIslam Change over Time Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant worldwide movements in history. Beginning as the faith of a small community of believers in Arabia in the seventh century, Islam rapidly became one of the major world religions. The core beliefs and culture of this faith is the belief that Muhammad (570-632), a respected businessman in Mecca, a commercial and religious center in western Arabia, received revelations from God that have been preserved in the Quran. The core of I slam remains the same today after 1396 years. Islam still translatesRead MoreIslam: The Second Largest Religion in the World872 Words   |  3 PagesIslam is given by its founder, Muhammad. One of the oldest religions in the world, there are a variety of theories of how exactly Islam was started. To look for the start of Islam in a sacred event, it would most likely be the Night of Power. However, ask any Muslim and they will say that Islam was created when God created the universe and made the first human beings along with it, Adam and Eve. However, the true origins of Islam begin with Muhammad, a prophet or messenger sent by god. He isRead MoreThe Following Are The Primary Sources Of Shariah Law Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe following are the Primary Sources of Shariah Law: 1. The Holly Quran - Quran is the word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) through Angel Jebriil (a.s) both as words and meanings in chains, thus Quran is the primary source of Islamic Law. 2. Sunnah – Sunnah is the second most authoritative source for Shariah and Sunnah means the deeds, sayings and approvals of prophet Mohammed (s.a.w). 3. Ijma – Third most source of Islamic sharia meaning consensus of rules of law that are derivedRead MorePilgrimage to the Prophet Muhammad’s Grave Essay795 Words   |  4 Pages The Prophet Muhammad died in 632 CE. He was believed to be the Seal of the Prophets, meaning the last prophet; therefore his grave is a very sacred place (A Concise Introduction to World religions, 210-215). Visiting the Prophet’s grave is a controversial issue. Scholars have different perspectives on traveling to his grave, each based on the Islamic Law, shari’ah. Al-Nawawi and Bin Baz each have differing yet similar rulings on the proper way of Pilgrimaging to the Prophets place of burial. AbdRead MoreIslam : A Unique Religion1208 Words   |  5 PagesIslam is a unique religion that was founded by a prophet named Muhammad in the 7th century. The religion came at a time when various religions such as Judaism, Christians and other polytheistic religions dominated. The previous religions managed to coexist and even share common grounds such as the Ka’aba. Both Islam and Christian religions were based off of tradition and customs from the tribe’s fathers before them. Their religious customs ran rapid throughout the Mediterranean and especially inRead MoreThe Second Pillar Of Islam Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pageshave never been created since it is tied into when Muhammad fled Mecca. Then the fourth pillar of fasting is never created either because it is tied into the Muslim lunar calendar, which would have never started if Muhammad did not have to leave Mecca. So the whole reasoning behind the fourth pillar of Islam in my opinion is all due to Muhammad be ing able to escape in the middle of the night because they were going to assassinate him. The Prophet was, however, so conscious of the public deposits

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Competitive Strategy of Google Pixel & Telstra-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse the two Organisations Operations Strategy in different ways by define each firm's Strategic Vision, Strategy, and Competitive Priorities. Answer: Introduction: Google Pixel and Telstra are the two selected organisations. Google Pixel is a product of the Google Company. It is actually a special type of phone model. Google is an American Multinational company that specialises in a lot of services and provides goods as well. It is a company that specialises in internet related functions apart from manufacturing phones using their very own operating system. The areas of technology the company covers can be said to include, online advertising, cloud computing, hardware and also software. Google pixel is actually a consumer electronic devices range that operates on Chrome operating system or on the Android. There are several pixel line of services, which include pixel tablets, Pixel laptop rage as well as the Pixel Smartphone. It can safely be asserted that Google focuses not only on their internet facilities but also on their goods. Telstra Corporation limited specialises in media and telecommunications. It is an Australian company. The company operates on the telecommunication networks as well as the mobile net facilities, voice services, pay television and also entertainment services. The aim of the report is to understand the organisational structure of both the companies including their value chain designs as well as their customer benefits. The following report also discusses the operational strategies and strategic vision of both the companies. Thus it can be said that the Google pixel is a product and the Telstra Company provides telecommunication facilities and services. Findings: A thorough research on both the companies illustrates the following information: Customer Benefits Package: A customer benefits package of a company is defined as a part of its operations management. T6he customer benefits package comprises of both tangible goods and intangible services (Heizer 2016). Telstra: The Telstra Company comprises sixteen million customers all over the world at present. This count is more than even the customer bases of the competitors of the company. Compared to the Vodafone Australia as well as the Optus, the Telstra Company is huger (Harris 2017). Telstra has huge ideals. It aims to give the customers more than they have ever taken from them. Rewards or benefits are also given to the people from the company. In order to show their respect towards the customers, several recognition programs are organised. In certain cases more respect is meted out to the customers than the companys employees. There are several celebration programs organised (Kelly and Scott 2012). Loyal and lucky customers are also gifted. It is in very rare cases that the company fails to meet the needs of its customers. It is the companys priority to fulfil all their customers telecommunication needs. The companys customer benefits package comprises the following: Contact with the company: Each and every customer can contact the company based on their needs at any time. The company puts forward this opportunity. There are several modes of communication namely in person, by telephone or by typewriter. Under no circumstances do customer queries remain unsolved. Maximum of 5 days are taken to respond to customer mails. A sales hotline is also present where unethical sales behaviour can be reported. Choosing ones own services: The company service information are provided to the customers at all times to enable customers to choose their best purchase option. Communication requirements of Regional Australia as well as priority assistance problems are also met. There is a disability equipment program for persons with disability who use the service. Access packages for low income people are also provided. Customer privacy: Customer privacy is maintained at all times. Company always keeps personal information safe. Accuracy f information is maintained and kept up-to-date. People are not disturbed by marketing purchases. Billing and payment options: Bills are accurate, received promptly as well are easy to pay. Financial assistance is also provided to those needing it. Security and safety of the customers: Options of blocking numbers, handsets as well as managing of unwelcome calls are available. Service guarantee and consumer protection code: prompt dealings with complaints are concerns are performed. Customer rights are also met (Kumar and Reinartz 2012). Google: High product quality High end interface Models that are hard to replace New operating system owned by the company (Heizer 2016) Value Chain Design: An important feature of any company structure is the value chain design. The value chain analysis assists in determining the nature of a firms internal activities. Telstra: Telstras value chain design comprises the following aspects: Smart networks along with smart people Presence globally Future vision Needs which are tailor-made Better rostering of staff Processes which are automated Connection and collaboration Efficient and smart new services (Prajogo and Olhager 2012) Figure 1: Value chain analysis of Telstra Google: Figure 2: Value chain analysis of Google The value chain analysis comprises the following: In bound logistics: Greatest value is generated in in-bound logistics. The company does not reveal value chain details as well as supply chain aspects to the people (Christopher 2016). Outbound logistics: The Company has no major outbound logistics. It sells technological physical products Marketing activities: Huge level of marketing activities takes place in case of Google forums (Lin and Tseng 2016). Analysis: The Analysis of both the companies comprising their strategies as well as competitive priorities is stated as follows: Strategy and Strategic Vision: The strategic vision is discussed below: Google Pixel: The company aims to improve the hardware as well as the features of the software to maintain the top quality of its products and make them irreplaceable (Stadtler 2015). The factors that Google aims to achieve with pixel are: Capturing the existing market of phones in the premium category (Mayfield, Mayfield and Sharbrough 2015) Win over competitors Use innovative strategies Beat Apple and Samsung in their strengths Use Smartphone market saturation as an advantage by producing innovative products Improve overall phone quality experience Telstra: It is necessary that the company keep maintaining its strategies to sustain their global name. The three major pillars of the company include: Excellent customer experience deliverance Growth and core value driven activities Building close to core business growth The strategic enablers of the company include: Future network establishment Opportunities for digitisation Capabilities and culture Competitive priorities: The competitive priorities are discussed as: Telstra: Providing customers with the best of service Scoring high over competitors Retaining market position Maintaining review and customer benefit policies Google: Sustainable competitive advantages exist as remarkable sources in case of Google which are measured in terms of value, rarity as well as substitutability (Kelly and Scott 2012). Value: Products are valued and hard to replace Rarity: quite rare products as well as value for money Impossible to imitate: these products are hard to imitate easily Difficult to be substituted: Pixel range of products are unique and difficult to be substituted Recommendations: A careful as well as through study of both the companies taken reveals that they need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the market as well as understand their position and aim to improve the same. Telstra is an immensely successful name in the telecommunications market and boasts of extremely loyal customers. To sustain the loyalty of its customers it is the companys duty to keep providing the best quality services and also ensure that they remain uninterrupted. The company should move forward in terms of its strategic vision and provide all formulated services. In case the company works on its goals well it can achieve even greater success (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). Google needs to understand its drawbacks and rectify them. There are already established supergiants in the Smartphone market which have loyal customers (Pearson 2016). So Google needs to provide innovation to score high over them and develop ad retain a customer base of their own. To ensure its growth successful strategies for customer retention are important. Their product also needs to perform well (Zurich 2017). Conclusion: The companies both are well known. This is definitely due to their services as well as product qualities. The companies need to maintain as well as increase their brand image. Weaknesses of the company should be detected and worked upon. These actions and their effective plan implementation are bound to make them invincible in their respective markets. Attention to their customers are well employees should be provided. Companies globally look out for the strategies of Telstra as well as Google. Their innovations are also appreciated and carefully studied. It is quite possible for them to offer lucrative deals and seal their customer bases. At no point in time the loyalty of the companies should be compromised with. Becoming successful needs the right blend of business acumen, risk taking capabilities as well good forethought. It is with the amalgamation of these qualities that a company achieves global dominance. It can be concluded that the companies need to understand their areas of expertise and work on them accordingly to become invincible in their respective markets. Both the companies need to keep all these aspects in mind. The examples of successful companies need to be carefully studied. The companies can then reach their goals and become immensely successful. References: Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Harris, J., 2017. Telstra's hitting home.Connected: Home+ Business, (Mar 2017), p.28. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Kelly, S. and Scott, D., 2012. Relationship benefits: Conceptualization and measurement in a business-to-business environment.International Small Business Journal,30(3), pp.310-339. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Pearson. Kumar, V. and Reinartz, W., 2012.Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Lin, Y.H. and Tseng, M.L., 2016. Assessing the competitive priorities within sustainable supply chain management under uncertainty.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, pp.2133-2144. Mayfield, J., Mayfield, M. and Sharbrough III, W.C., 2015. Strategic vision and values in top leaders communications: Motivating language at a higher level.International Journal of Business Communication,52(1), pp.97-121. Pearson, S., 2016.Building brands directly: creating business value from customer relationships. Springer. Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.514-522. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

On and off the Track free essay sample

Picture your self standing in a farm field in the middle of July. The wheat has been freshly cut and the noon day sun is beating down on the moist ground. It rained the night before so the field is very loamy, even muddy in some spots. Nature seems to be working together in perfect harmony at this very moment. All of a sudden, out of nowhere, screams a dirt bike charging up the hill with the power of sixty horses. The roar of the engine and the awe inspiring power bring a childish smirk to your face that you can’t seem to wipe off. The peaceful scenery quickly becomes an offbeat mess, as the ground is torn into a million ruts, and the quite afternoon is now filled with a fun and exhilarating father-son sport. This is motocross. The man on the dirt bike charging up the hill is my father, Tony, who started riding when he was 16 and was one stepping stone away from turning pro in the early 80s. We will write a custom essay sample on On and off the Track or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Seeing my dad ride and race puts a smile on my face every time because its a unique experience that only a few have shared. Because my dad is one of the my biggest idols, seeing him on a motocross bike flying through the air and cultivating the ground is something that is hard to describe. It makes me want to be the best I can be at the sport of motocross and all other aspects of life from respecting other people to succeeding in school. Motocross, like I said, is a very father-son sport which is great because it gives me a chance to really get closer to my father which is important in my teenage years. While Im on the track my dad is always there encouraging me and cheering me on, off the track hes the same way but just with the other aspects of my life; school, friends, and family. Going to the pro races in Minnesota and Michigan were always a real treat and still are. Theyre a time when the boys of the house get out for awhile and bond over a sport we all love. The motocross circuit is one of the most competitive places on earth, people are always trying to be the first into that corner and across the finish line. Life, like motocross is also very competitive for example; college, careers, friends, women. Racing has taught me what I need to do to get to that top spot in life, how to work hard and not quit until you get there. My first experience riding was quite frightening. I was about 13 on a small mini bike when my dad said to go for it and hit the big track. So I did, the track almost made me drop a load, imagine jumps that go higher than the ceiling in the room youre in, bikes flying past you and jumping over you. After a couple laps I said to myself, this is what motocross is, this is what Im gonna have work up to I then proceeded to start twisting the throttle a little harder and start putting out some faster laps. I was doing great, charging corners and pinning long straights, until i decided to go hit that one jump I wasnt ready f or, but hey you wont know till you try. As i was quickly doubting myself so I thought of the old motocross saying when in doubt, pin it and that is just what I did, held the gas wide open and hoped for the best. Well the best didnt turn out, I did a nose-dive in the air and went over the bars burying my helmet in the dirt, the embarrassment engulfed me. The point is that the crash made me even stronger, having to go back to your bike after a crash that has left you full of embarrassment is no easy task. From that day forward i worked hard to get to the point Im at now. I told myself that to be the best Ive got to try new things and meet new people to all help me succeed on and off the track.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Can You Take the ACT After High School Expert Guide

Can You Take the ACT After High School Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you'rean adult who needs or wants to take the ACT, you might be worried. Most people taking the test are 16 or 17, but can you take the ACT after high school? Yes, you absolutely can! There are many valid reasons for taking theACT after high school, and the process barely differs from taking it as a teenager. In this article, I’ll discuss the reasons you may want or need to take the testas an adult, how to register, how testing as an adult will be different, as well as additional advice. Why Take the ACT After High School? Taking the ACT is definitely not something to do for fun.Preparing for the ACT is a big time commitment (not to mention spending 4+ hours on a Saturday to take the test).Don’t do take the ACT if you don’t need to, but there are three good reasons to take the ACT. #1: You’re Applying to College If you took some time off after high school and never took the ACT, you'll most likely need to take it (or the SAT) for your college applications.If you took the ACT during high school, you might not need to retake the test now. ACT scores from October 1, 1966, to today, are stored online by the ACT.While the ACT will send scores from as far back as 1966, some colleges require you to send an ACT score from the last 3-5 years.Check the individual college’s application requirements.You should be able to find the applications requirements by doing a Google search for â€Å"[College Name] application requirements.† Additionally, if you did take the ACT during high school, you still may elect to retake the ACT to raise your score.To give yourself the best chance of being accepted, you want your ACT score to be at or above the 75th percentile ACT score of admitted students at your target school.I urge you to read our guide to finding your target ACT score for more information about this. NOTE: Not all universities want you to send a test score.Some colleges don’t require ACT scores for adults who never took the ACT in high school or for whom taking the ACT would be excessively difficult such as a deployed soldier.Furthermore, some schools are test-optional or test-blind, meaning they don’t require you to send ACT scores.If you’re only applying to test-optional or test-blind schools, then you don’t need to take the ACT. Check out the admissions website for each of your target colleges to find out their application requirements.You should be able to find the application requirements by doing a Google search for â€Å"[College Name] application requirements.†If you’re unable to find this information online, then you should send an email or call the college’s admissions office. #2: You’re Applying to Transfer Colleges Interested in switching from your community college or 4-year university to a different 4-year university? If so, you might need to submit an ACT or SAT score with your application.If you’re applying to transfer after only six months to a year at that college or community college, then you most likely need to submit an ACT or SAT score with your application. However, if you have an ACT or SAT score from high school, then you’ll probably be able to use that score though you may want to take the ACT to raise your score.To give yourself the best shot of being admitted, you need your ACT score to be at or above the 75th percentile ACT score of admitted students at your target school.Definitely read our guide to finding your target ACT scorefor more information about this. As I noted in the section above, you won’t need to submit a test score if you’re only applying to test-optional or test-blind schools.Check out the admissions website for each of your target colleges to find out their application requirements.You should be able to find the application requirements by doing a Google search for â€Å"[College Name] application requirements.†If you’re unable to find this information online, then you should send an email or call the college’s admissions office. #3: You’re Applying for a Job or Scholarship More jobs are now requiring you to submit a test score from test-prep companies to investment banking.Also, many scholarships require you to score within a certain range on the ACT or SAT.If you took the ACT in high school, you might be allowed to send those scores, but if you didn’t or if you need to raise your score to qualify, you’ll have to take the ACT now as an adult. Check out what the score requirements are for the job/scholarship and make sure you adhere to them.Some may ask for a high school ACT score and may not consider a new score. Others may not want a score that’s older than 3-5 years.Know the requirements, and if you’re unsure, call or email to clarify. How to Take the ACTAfter High School Whatever your reason for takingthe ACT after high school, I’ll walk you through the logistics of registering for and taking the test. Registering for the ACT You can register on the ACT website.The registration process will involve entering your personal information, submitting a photo or yourself, paying the registration fee, etc. It can be just slightlymore difficultas an adult since the entire registration process is geared towards high school students. However, it's only minor inconveniences. The ACT asks for parent information, but you can leave thatblank. Also, it asks for your high school, but there is an option to say"I am not in high school." Otherwise, answer the rest of the questions to the best of your ability. Read our full guide that walks you through every step of the ACT registration process. Where Do You Take the ACT? No matter where you live, you’ll take the ACT alongside high school students at an ACT test center.These test centers are usually high schools but are sometimes community college campuses, college campuses, and other locations.Regardless of location, you’ll be testing alongside high school students. When you register to take the ACT, you’ll select your test center location.You’ll be able to search for a test center close to you.NOTE: It’s best to sign up early as test centers can fill up.The earlier you register, the more likely you’ll get your choice of the test centers. How Is Testing as an Adult Different? I'm not going to lie: as someone who took the SAT last year at age 23, it's kind of weird at first.Showing up to check in among high school students feels strange. However, once Igot over the initial weirdness, I felt confident.I remember being so nervous to take the ACT and SATin high school; I felt that there was so much pressure riding on the test. As an adult, you realize one test will not define you. I was able to relax more and do better on the test due to my newfound confidence. I hope you feel the same when you sit for the ACT! ACT Testing After High School: Advice Just because the ACT is a test for high schoolers doesn’t mean it will be easier for you as a high school grad.Don’t underestimate the test.It’s tricky and very fast-paced. Also, as a high school grad, you actually might be at a disadvantage since there are probably some high school fundamental topics that you’ve forgotten or are a little rusty on.If you haven’t studied Math since high school, you might have forgotten how to solve a system of equations or how to find the sine of an angle. Don’t assume the test will be a breeze: you must prepare for the ACT. 3 Tips for Prepping for the ACT as an Adult To get the best score possible on the ACT, you’ll want to prepare.Here are three key tips for prep success: Tip #1: Know the ACT Format The best way to learn the ACT format is to take as many ACT practice tests as you can.However, the practice won’t help if you don’t take the tests under realistic testing conditionswhile keeping accurate time and if you don’t review the practice tests. The ACT is fast-paced, so you need to get used to pacing yourself during your practice tests.Also, you need to review your practice.When you review your mistakes, you learn from them. If you don’t review, you’ll keep making the same mistakes. Tip #2: Master Forgotten/Rusty Content As I noted above, since you graduated, you may have forgotten or gotten rusty in some content areas.Make sure you refresh yourself before taking the ACT.Here at PrepScholar, we’ve written free complete guides for nearly every tested content area on the ACT.Read our ACT Reading,ACT Writing, ACT Math, and ACT Science guides for an overview of topics you’ve forgotten along with more helpful test tips. You don't want to be confused during the ACT! Tip #3: Create an ACT Prep Timeline Based on Your Needs I think the most challenging part of taking the ACT after high school is juggling work, family, friends, and all your other commitments while trying to find alone time to prepare for the ACT.However, it’s crucial you set aside time to study for the ACTso that you can reach your target score. My suggestion would be to start studying far in advance (at least 3-6 months in advance) and to dedicate at least 5 hours per week to ACT prep.Pick an ACT test date that will give you enough time to do this type of in-depth preparation.However, you might not have that ability if your application is due ASAP.If you don’t need to take the ACT in the next month, you shouldcheck out our guide to cramming for the ACT. What’s Next? Applying to college for the first time? Find outhow many colleges you should apply to and find out how to pick your target school. Transferring colleges? Check out our complete guide to transferring successfully. Need help paying for college? Check out our scholarship and financial aid guides. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. 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Saturday, November 23, 2019

Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Essays

Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Essays Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Paper Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Paper Essay Topic: Burial Rites Poes Short Stories â€Å"Pre-Socratic† is the look normally used to depict those Grecian minds who lived and wrote between 600 and 400 B. C. It was the Pre-Socratics who attempted to happen cosmopolitan rules which would explicate the natural universe from its beginnings to man’s topographic point in it. Although Socrates died in 399 B. C. . the term â€Å"Pre-Socratic† indicates non so much a chronological bound. but instead an mentality or scope of involvements. an mentality attacked by both Protagoras ( a Sophist ) and Socrates. because natural doctrine was worthless when compared with the hunt for the â€Å"good life. †To give the Presocratic minds their full due would necessitate an article of encyclopaedic range. Given that. I have decided to name a figure of sites on single Presocratic minds. Anaximander1. Life and SourcesThe history of written Greek doctrine starts with Anaximander of Miletus in Asia Minor. a fellow-citizen of Thales. He was the first who dared to compose a treatise in prose. which has been called traditionally On Nature. This book has been lost. although it likely was available in the library of the Lyceum at the times of Aristotle and his replacement Theophrastus. It is said that Apollodorus. in the 2nd century BCE. stumbled upon a transcript of it. possibly in the celebrated library of Alexandria. Recently. grounds has appeared that it was portion of the aggregation of the library of Taormina in Sicily. where a fragment of a catalogue has been found. on which Anaximander’s name can be read. Merely one fragment of the book has come down to us. quoted by Simplicius ( after Theophrastus ) . in the 6th century AD. It is possibly the most celebrated and most discussed phrase in the history of doctrine. We besides know really small of Anaximander’s life. He is said to hold led a mission that founded a settlement called Apollonia on the seashore of the Black Sea. He besides likely introduced the gnomon ( a perpendicular sun-dial ) into Greece and erected one in Sparta. So he seems to hold been a much-traveled adult male. which is non amazing. as the Milesians were known to be brave crewmans. It is besides reported that he displayed grave manners and wore grandiloquent garments. Most of the information on Anaximander comes from Aristotle and his student Theophrastus. whose book on the history of doctrine was used. excerpted. and quoted by many other writers. the alleged doxographers. before it was lost. Sometimes. in these texts words or looks appear that can with some certainty be ascribed to Anaximander himself. Relatively many testimonies. about one tierce of them. hold to make with astronomical and cosmogonic inquiries. Hermann Diels and Walter Kranz have edited the doxography ( A ) and the bing texts ( B ) of the Presocratic philosophers in Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. Berlin 1951-19526. ( A citation like â€Å"DK 12A17? agencies: â€Å"Diels/Kranz. Anaximander. doxographical study no. 17? ) . | 2. The â€Å"Boundless† as Principle Harmonizing to Aristotle and Theophrastus. the first Grecian philosophers were looking for the â€Å"origin† or â€Å"principle† ( the Greek word â€Å"arche† has both significances ) of all things. Anaximander is said to hold identified it with â€Å"the Boundless† or â€Å"the Unlimited† ( Grecian: â€Å"apeiron. † that is. â€Å"that which has no boundaries† ) . Already in ancient times. it is complained that Anaximander did non explicate what he meant by â€Å"the Boundless. † More late. writers have disputed whether the Boundless should be interpreted as spatially or temporarily without bounds. or possibly as that which has no makings. or as that which is unlimited. Some bookmans have even defended the significance â€Å"that which is non experienced. † by associating the Grecian word â€Å"apeiron† non to â€Å"peras† ( â€Å"boundary. † â€Å"limit† ) . but to â€Å"perao† ( †Å"to experience. † â€Å"to apperceive† ) . The suggestion. nevertheless. is about resistless that Grecian doctrine. by doing the Boundless into the rule of all things. has started on a high degree of abstraction. On the other manus. some have pointed out that this usage of â€Å"apeiron† is untypical for Grecian idea. which was occupied with bound. symmetricalness and harmoniousness. The Pythagoreans placed the boundless ( the â€Å"apeiron† ) on the list of negative things. and for Aristotle. excessively. flawlessness became aligned with bound ( Grecian: â€Å"peras† ) . and therefore â€Å"apeiron† with imperfectness. Therefore. some writers suspect eastern ( Persian ) influence on Anaximander’s thoughts. Anaximenes ( d. 528 BCE ) Harmonizing to the lasting beginnings on his life. Anaximenes flourished in the mid sixth century BCE and died around 528. He is the 3rd philosopher of the Milesian School of doctrine. so named because like Thales and Anaximander. Anaximenes was an dweller of Miletus. in Ionia ( ancient Greece ) . Theophrastus notes that Anaximenes was an associate. and perchance a pupil. of Anaximander’s. Anaximenes is best known for his philosophy that air is the beginning of all things. In this manner. he differed with his predecessors like Thales. who held that H2O is the beginning of all things. and Anaximander. who thought that all things came from an unspecified boundless material. 2. Doctrine of Change Given his philosophy that all things are composed of air. Anaximenes suggested an interesting qualitative history of natural alteration: [ Air ] differs in kernel in conformity with its rareness or denseness. When it is thinned it becomes fire. while when it is condensed it becomes air current. so cloud. when still more condensed it becomes H2O. so Earth. so stones. Everything else comes from these. ( DK13A5 ) Influence on later Doctrine Anaximenes’ theory of consecutive alteration of affair by rarefaction and condensation was influential in ulterior theories. It is developed by Heraclitus ( DK22B31 ) . and criticized by Parmenides ( DK28B8. 23-24. 47-48 ) . Anaximenes’ general theory of how the stuffs of the universe arise is adopted by Anaxagoras ( DK59B16 ) . even though the latter has a really different theory of affair. Both Melissus ( DK30B8. 3 ) and Plato ( Timaeus 49b-c ) see Anaximenes’ theory as supplying a common-sense account of alteration. Diogenes of Apollonia makes air the footing of his explicitly monistic theory. The Hippocratic treatise On Breaths uses air as the cardinal construct in a theory of diseases. By supplying cosmogonic histories with a theory of alteration. Anaximenes separated them from the kingdom of mere guess and made them. at least in construct. scientific theories capable of proving. Thales of Miletus ( c. 620 BCE – c. 546 BCE ) The ancient Greek philosopher Thales was born in Miletus in Greek Ionia. Aristotle. the major beginning for Thales’s doctrine and scientific discipline. identified Thales as the first individual to look into the basic rules. the inquiry of the arising substances of affair and. hence. as the laminitis of the school of natural doctrine. Thales was interested in about everything. look intoing about all countries of cognition. doctrine. history. scientific discipline. mathematics. technology. geographics. and political relations. He proposed theories to explicate many of the events of nature. the primary substance. the support of the Earth. and the cause of alteration. Thales was much involved in the jobs of uranology and provided a figure of accounts of cosmogonic events which traditionally involved supernatural entities. His oppugning attack to the apprehension of celestial phenomena was the beginning of Grecian uranology. Thales’ hypotheses were new and bold. and in liberating phenomena from reverent intercession. he paved the manner towards scientific enterprise. He founded the Milesian school of natural doctrine. developed the scientific method. and initiated the first western enlightenment. A figure of anecdotes is closely connected to Thales’ probes of the universe. When considered in association with his hypotheses they take on added significance and are most informative. Thales was extremely esteemed in ancient times. and a missive cited by Diogenes Laertius. and purporting to be from Anaximenes to Pythagoras. advised that all our discourse should get down with a mention to Thales ( D. L. II. 4 ) . 1. The Hagiographas of Thales Doubts have ever existed about whether Thales wrote anything. but a figure of ancient studies recognition him with Hagiographas. Simplicius ( Diels. Dox. p. 475 ) specifically attributed to Thales writing of the alleged Nautical Star-guide. Diogenes Laertius raised uncertainties about genuineness. but wrote that ‘according to others [ Thales ] wrote nil but two treatises. one On the Solstice and one On the Equinox‘ ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Lobon of Argus asserted that the Hagiographas of Thales amounted to two hundred lines ( D. L. I. 34 ) . and Plutarch associated Thales with sentiments and histories expressed in poetry ( Plutarch. De Pyth. or. 18. 402 Tocopherol ) . Hesychius. recorded that ‘ [ Thales ] wrote on heavenly affairs in heroic poetry. on the equinox. and much else’ ( DK. 11A2 ) . Callimachus credited Thales with the sage advice that sailing masters should voyage by Ursa Minor ( D. L. I. 23 ) . advice which may hold been in authorship. Diogenes references a poet. Choerilus. who declared that ‘ [ Thales ] was the first to keep the immortality of the soul’ ( D. L. I. 24 ) . and in De Anima. Aristotle’s words ‘from what is recorded about [ Thales ] ‘ . indicate that Aristotle was working from a written beginning. Diogenes recorded that ‘ [ Thales ] seems by some histories to hold been the first to analyze uranology. the first to foretell occultations of the Sun and to repair the solstices ; so Eudemus in his History of Astronomy. It was this which gained for him the esteem of Xenophanes and Herodotus and the notice of Heraclitus and Democritus’ ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Eudemus who wrote a History of Astronomy. and besides on geometry and divinity. must be considered as a possible beginning for the hypotheses of Thales. The information provided by Diogenes is the kind of stuff which he would hold included in his History of Astronomy. and it is possible that the rubrics On the Solst ice. and On the Equinox were available to Eudemus. Xenophanes. Herodotus. Heraclitus and Democritus were familiar with the work of Thales. and may hold had a work by Thales available to them. A solstice is an astronomical event that happens twice each twelvemonth when the Sun reaches its highest place in the sky as seen from the North or South Pole. The word solstice is derived from the Latin colloidal suspension ( Sun ) and sistere ( to stand still ) . because at the solstices. the Sun bases still in decline ; that is. the seasonal motion of the Sun’s way ( as seen from Earth ) comes to a halt before change by reversaling way. The solstices. together with the equinoxes. are connected with the seasons. In many civilizations the solstices grade either the beginning or the center of winter and summer. The term solstice can besides be used in a broader sense. as the day of the month ( twenty-four hours ) when this occurs. The twenty-four hours of the solstice is either the â€Å"longest twenty-four hours of the year† ( in summer ) or the â€Å"shortest twenty-four hours of the year† ( in winter ) for any topographic point on Earth. because the length of clip between dawn and sunset on that twenty-four hours is the annual upper limit or lower limit for that topographic point. Proclus recorded that Thales was followed by a great wealth of geometricians. most of whom remain as honoured names. They commence with Mamercus. who was a student of Thales. and include Hippias of Elis. Pythagoras. Anaxagoras. Eudoxus of Cnidus. Philippus of Mende. Euclid. and Eudemus. a friend of Aristotle. who wrote histories of arithmetic. of uranology. and of geometry. and many lesser known name s. It is possible that Hagiographas of Thales were available to some of these work forces. Any records which Thales may hold kept would hold been an advantage in his ain work. This is particularly true of mathematics. of the day of the months and times determined when repairing the solstices. the places of stars. and in fiscal minutess. It is hard to believe that Thales would non hold written down the information he had gathered in his travels. peculiarly the geometry he investigated in Egypt and his measurement of the tallness of the pyramid. his hypotheses about nature. and the cause of alteration. Proclus acknowledged Thales as the inventor of a figure of specific theorems ( A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements 65. 8-9 ; 250. 16-17 ) . This suggests that Eudemus. Proclus’s beginning had before him the written records of Thales’s finds. How did Thales ‘prove’ his theorems if non in written words and studies? The plants On the Solstice. On the Equinox. which were attributed to Thales ( D. L. I. 23 ) . and the ‘Nautical Star usher. to which Simplicius referred. may hold been beginnings for the History of Astronomy of Eudemus ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Pythagoras ( c. 570- c. 495 BCE ) The presocratic Greek philosopher Pythagoras must hold been one of the world’s greatest individuals. but he wrote nil. and it is difficult to state how much of the philosophy we know as Pythagorean is due to the laminitis of the society and how much is subsequently development. It is besides difficult to state how much of what we are told about the life of Pythagoras is trusty ; for a mass of fable gathered around his name at an early day of the month. Sometimes he is represented as a adult male of scientific discipline. and sometimes as a sermonizer of mysterious philosophies. and we might be tempted to see one or other of those characters as entirely historical. The truth is that there is no demand to reject either of the traditional positions. The brotherhood of mathematical mastermind and mysticism is common plenty. Originally from Samos. Pythagoras founded at Kroton ( in southern Italy ) a society which was at one time a spiritual community and a scientific school. Such a organic structure was bound to excite green-eyed monster and misgiving. and we hear of many battles. Pythagoras himself had to fly from Kroton to Metapontion. where he died. It is stated that he was a adherent of Anaximander. his uranology was the natural development of Anaximander’s. Besides. the manner in which the Pythagorean geometry developed besides bears informant to its descent from that of Miletos. The great job at this day of the month was the duplicate of the square. a job which gave rise to the theorem of the square on the hypotenuse. normally known still as the Pythagorean proposition ( Euclid. I. 47 ) . If we were right in presuming that Thales worked with the old 3:4:5 trigon. the connexion is obvious. Pythagoras argued that there are three sorts of work forces. merely as there are three categories of aliens who come to the Olympic Games. The lowest consists of those who come to purchase and sell. and following above them are those who come to vie. Best of all are those who merely come to look on. Work force may be classified consequently as lovers of wisdom. lovers of award. and lovers of addition. That seems to connote the philosophy of the three-party psyche. which is besides attributed to the early Pythagoreans on good authorization. though it is common now to impute it to Plato. There are. nevertheless. clear mentions to it before his clip. and it agrees much better with the general mentality of the Pythagoreans. The comparing of human life to a assemblage like the Games was frequently repeated in ulterior yearss. Pythagoras besides taught the philosophy of Rebirth or transmigration. which we may hold learned from the modern-day Orphics. Xenophanes made merriment of him for feigning to acknowledge the voice of a bygone friend in the ululation of a beaten Canis familiaris. Empedocles seems to be mentioning to him when he speaks of a adult male who could retrieve what happened ten or 20 coevalss before. It was on this that the philosophy of Recollection. which plays so great a portion in Plato. was based. The things we perceive with the senses. Plato argues. remind us of things we knew when the psyche was out of the organic structure and could comprehend world straight. There is more trouble about the cosmology of Pythagoras. Barely any school of all time professed such fear for its founder’s authorization as the Pythagoreans. ‘The Master said so’ was their war cry. On the other manus. few schools have shown so much capacity for advancement and for accommodating themselves to new conditions. Pythagoras started from the cosmical system of Anaximenes. Aristotle tells us that the Pythagoreans represented the universe as inhaling ‘air’ signifier the boundless mass outside it. and this ‘air’ is identified with ‘the unlimited’ . When. nevertheless. we come to the procedure by which things are developed out of the ‘unlimited’ . we observe a great alteration. We hear nil more of ‘separating out’ or even of rarefaction and condensation. Alternatively of that we have the theory that what gives signifier to the Unlimited is the Limit. That is the great part of Pythagoras to philosophy. and we must seek to understand it. Now the map of the Limit is normally illustrated from the humanistic disciplines of music and medical specialty. and we have seen how of import these two humanistic disciplines were for Pythagoreans. so it is natural to deduce that the key to its significance is to be found in them. It may be taken as certain that Pythagoras himself discovered the numerical ratios which determine the accordant intervals of the musical graduated table. Similar to musical intervals. in medical specialty there are antonyms. such as the hot and the cold. the moisture and the prohibitionist. and it is the concern of the doctor to bring forth a proper ‘blend’ of these in the human organic structure. In a well-known transition of Plato’s Phaedo ( 86 B ) we are told by Simmias that the Pythagoreans held the organic structure to be strung like an instrument to a certain pitch. hot and cold. moisture and dry taking the topographic point of high and low in music. Musical tuning and wellness are likewise agencies originating from the application of Limit to the Unlimited. It was natural for Pythagoras to look for something of the same sort in the universe at big. Briefly stated. the philosophy of Pythagoras was that all things are Numberss. In certain cardinal instances. the early Pythagoreans represented Numberss and explained their belongingss by agencies of points arranged in certain ‘figures’ or forms. Zeno’s Paradoxes In the 5th century B. C. E. . Zeno of Elea offered statements that led to decisions beliing what we all know from our physical experience–that smugglers run. that arrows fly. and that there are many different things in the universe. The statements were paradoxes for the ancient Grecian philosophers. Because most of the statements turn crucially on the impression that infinite and clip are boundlessly divisible- for illustration. that for any distance there is such a thing as half that distance. and so on- Zeno was the first individual in history to demo that the construct of eternity is debatable. In his Achilles Paradox. Achilles races to catch a slower runner–for illustration. a tortoise that is creeping off from him. The tortoise has a head start. so if Achilles hopes to catch it. he must run at least to the topographic point where the tortoise soon is. but by the clip he arrives at that place. it will hold crawled to a new topographic point. so so Achilles must run to this new topographic point. but the tortoise interim will hold crawled on. and so forth. Achilles will neer catch the tortoise. says Zeno. Therefore. good logical thinking shows that fast smugglers neer can catch slow 1s. So much the worse for the claim that gesture truly occurs. Zeno says in defence of his wise man Parmenides who had argued that gesture is an semblance. Although practically no bookmans today would hold with Zeno’s decision. we can non get away the paradox by leaping up from our place and trailing down a tortoise. nor by stating Achilles should run to some other mark topographic point in front of where the tortoise is at the minute. What is required is an analysis of Zeno’s ain statement that does non acquire us embroiled in new paradoxes nor impoverish our mathematics and scientific discipline. This article explains his 10 known paradoxes and considers the interventions that have been offered. Zeno assumed distances and continuances can be divided into an existent eternity ( what we now call a transfinite eternity ) of indivisible parts. and he assumed these are excessively many for the smuggler to finish. Aristotle‘s intervention said Zeno should hold assumed there are merely possible eternities. and that neither topographic points nor times divide into indivisible parts. His intervention became the by and large recognized solution until the late nineteenth century. The current criterion intervention says Zeno was right to reason that a runner’s way contains an existent eternity of parts. but he was mistaken to presume this is excessively many. This intervention employs the setup of concretion which has proved its indispensableness for the development of modern scientific discipline. In the 20th century it eventually became clear that forbiding existent eternities. as Aristotle wanted. shackles the growing of set theory and finally of mathematics and natural philosophies. This standard intervention took 100s of old ages to hone and was due to the flexibleness of intellectuals who were willing to replace old theories and their constructs with more fruitful 1s. despite the harm done to common sense and our naif intuitions. The article ends by researching newer interventions of the paradoxes- and related paradoxes such as Thomson’s Lamp Paradox- that were developed since the 1950s. Parmenides ( B. 510 BCE ) Parmenides was a Grecian philosopher and poet. Born of an celebrated household about BCE. 510. at Elea in Lower Italy. and is is the main representative of the Eleatic doctrine. He was held in high regard by his fellow-citizens for his first-class statute law. to which they ascribed the prosperity and wealth of the town. He was besides admired for his model life. A â€Å"Parmenidean life† was proverbial among the Greeks. He is normally represented as a adherent of Xenophanes. Parmenides wrote after Heraclitus. and in witting resistance to him. given the apparent allusion to Hericlitus: â€Å"for whom it is and is non. the same and non the same. and all things travel in opposite directions† ( Fr. 6. 8 ) . Little more is known of his life than that he stopped at Athens on a journey in his 65th twelvemonth. and there became acquainted with the vernal Socrates. That must hold been in the center of the 5th century BCE. . or shortly after it. Parmenides broke with the older Ionic prose tradition by composing in hexameter poetry. His didactic verse form. called On Nature. survives in fragments. although the Proem ( or introductory discourse ) of the work has been preserved. Parmenides was a immature adult male when he wrote it. for the goddess who reveals the truth to him addresses him as â€Å"youth. † The work is considered unartistic. Its Hesiodic manner was appropriate for the cosmology he describes in the 2nd portion. but is ill-sorted to the waterless dialectic of the first. Parmenides was no born poet. and we must inquire what led him to take this new going. The illustration of Xenophanes’ poetic Hagiographas is non a complete account ; for the poesy of Parmenides is as unlike that of Xenophanes as it good can be. and his manner is more similar Hesiod and the Orphics. In the Proem Parmenides describes his acclivity to the place of the goddess who is supposed to talk the balance of the poetries ; this i s a reflection of the conventional acclivities into Eden which were about every bit common as descents into snake pit in the revelatory literature of those yearss. The Proem opens with Parmenides stand foring himself as borne on a chariot and attended by the Sunmaidens who have quitted the Halls of Night to steer him on his journey. They pass along the main road till they come to the Gate of Night and Day. which is locked and barred. The key is in the maintaining of Dike ( Right ) . the Avenger. who is persuaded to unlock it by the Sunmaidens. They pass in through the gate and are now. of class. in the kingdoms of Day. The end of the journey is the castle of a goddess who welcomes Parmenides and instructs him in the two ways. that of Truth and the delusory manner of Belief. in which is no truth at all. All this is described without inspiration and in a purely conventional mode. so it must be interpreted by the canons of the revelatory manner. It is clearly meant to bespeak that Parmenides had been converted. that he had passed from mistake ( dark ) to truth ( twenty-four hours ) . and the Two Wayss must stand for his former mistake and the trut h which is now revealed to him. There is ground to believe that the Way of Belief is an history of Pythagorean cosmology. In any instance. it is certainly impossible to see it as anything else than a description of some mistake. The goddess says so in words that can non be explained off. Further. this erroneous belief is non the ordinary man’s position of the universe. but an luxuriant system. which seems to be a natural development the Ionian cosmology on certain lines. and there is no other system but the Pythagorean that fulfils this demand. To this it has been objected that Parmenides would non hold taken the problem to elaborate in item a system he had wholly rejected. but that is to misidentify the character of the revelatory convention. It is non Parmenides. but the goddess. that expounds the system. and it is for this ground that the beliefs described are said to be those of ‘mortals’ . Now a description of the acclivity of the psyche would be rather uncomplete without a image of the part from which it had escaped. The goddess must uncover the two ways at the farewell of which Parmenides stands. and bid him take the better. The rise of mathematics in the Pythagorean school had revealed for the first clip the power of idea. To the mathematician of all work forces it is the same thing that can be thought and that can be. and this is the rule from which Parmenides starts. It is impossible to believe what is non. and it is impossible for what can non be thought to be. The great inquiry. Is it or is it non? is hence tantamount to the inquiry. Can it be thought or non? In any instance. the work therefore has two divisions. The first discusses the truth. and the 2nd the universe of semblance - that is. the universe of the senses and the erroneous sentiments of world founded upon them. In his sentiment truth lies in the perceptual experience that being is. and mistake in the thought that non-existence besides can be. Nothing can hold existent being but what is imaginable ; therefore to be imagined and to be able to be are the same thing. and there is no development. The kernel of what is imaginable is incapable of development. imperishable. changeless. boundless. and indivisible. What is assorted and changeable. all development. is a false apparition. Perception is thought directed to the pure kernel of being ; the phenomenal universe is a psychotic belief. and the sentiments formed refering it can merely be unlikely. Parmenides goes on to see in the visible radiation of this rule the effects of stating that anything is. In the first topographic point. it can non hold come into being. If it had. it must hold arisen from nil or from something. It can non hold arisen from nil ; for there is no nil. It can non hold arisen from something ; for here is nil else than what is. Nor can anything else besides itself come into being ; for there can be no empty infinite in which it could make so. Is it or is it non? If it is. so it is now. all at one time. In this manner Parmenides refutes all histories of the beginning of the universe. Ex nihilo nihil tantrum. Further. if it is. it merely is. and it can non be more or less. There is. hence. as much of it in one topographic point as in another. ( That makes rarefaction and condensation impossible. ) it is uninterrupted and indivisible ; for there is nil but itself which could forestall its parts being in contact with one another. It is hence full. a uninterrupted indivisible plenum. ( That is directed against the Pythagorean theory of a discontinuous reality. ) Further. it is immoveable. If it moved. it must travel into empty infinite. and empty infinite is nil. and there is no nil. Besides it is finite and spherical ; for it can non be in one way any more than in another. and the domain is the lone figure of which this can be said. What is. therefore a finite. spherical. motionless. uninterrupted plenum. and there is nil beyond it. Coming into being and discontinuing to be are mere ‘names’ . and so is gesture. and still more colour and the similar. They are non even ideas ; for a idea must be a idea of something that is. and none of these can be. Such is the decision to which the position of the existent as a individual organic structure necessarily leads. and there is no flight from it. The ‘matter’ of our physical text-books is merely the existent of Parmenides ; and. unless we can happen room for something else than affair. we are shut up into his history of world. No subsequent system could afford to disregard this. but of class it was impossible to assent for good in a philosophy like that of Parmenides. It deprives the universe we know of all claim to existence. and reduces it to something which is barely even an semblance. If we are to give an apprehensible history of the universe. we must surely present gesture once more someway. That can neer be taken for granted any more. as it was by the early cosmologists ; we must try to explicate it if we are to get away from the decisions of Parmenides. Heraclitus ( Florida. c. 500 BCE ) A Grecian philosopher of the late sixth century BCE. Heraclitus criticizes his predecessors and coevalss for their failure to see the integrity in experience. He claims to denote an everlasting Word ( Logos ) harmonizing to which all things are one. in some sense. Antonyms are necessary for life. but they are unified in a system of balanced exchanges. The universe itself consists of a law-like interchange of elements. symbolized by fire. Thus the universe is non to be identified with any peculiar substance. but instead with an on-going procedure governed by a jurisprudence of alteration. The implicit in jurisprudence of nature besides manifests itself as a moral jurisprudence for human existences. Heraclitus is the first Western philosopher to travel beyond physical theory in hunt of metaphysical foundations and moral applications. Anaxagoras ( c. 500- 428 BCE ) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae was an of import Presocratic natural philosopher and scientist who lived and taught in Athens for about 30 old ages. He gained ill fame for his mercenary positions. peculiarly his contention that the Sun was a fiery stone. This led to charges of impiousness. and he was sentenced to decease by the Athenian tribunal. He avoided this punishment by go forthing Athens. and he spent his staying old ages in expatriate. While Anaxagoras proposed theories on a assortment of topics. he is most celebrated for two theories. First. he speculated that in the physical universe everything contains a part of everything else. His observation of how nutrition works in animate beings led him to reason that in order for the nutrient an animate being chows to turn into bone. hair. flesh. and so away. it must already incorporate all of those components within it. The 2nd theory of significance is Anaxagoras’ predication of Mind ( Nous ) as the initiating and regulating rule of the universe. Democritus ( 460- 370 BCE ) Democritus was born at Abdera. about 460 BCE. although harmonizing to some 490. His male parent was from a baronial household and of great wealth. and contributed mostly towards the amusement of the ground forces of Xerxes on his return to Asia. As a wages for this service the Iranian sovereign gave and other Abderites nowadayss and left among them several Magi. Democritus. harmonizing to Diogenes Laertius. was instructed by these Magi in uranology and divinity. After the decease of his male parent he traveled in hunt of wisdom. and devoted his heritage to this intent. amounting to one hundred endowments. He is said to hold visited Egypt. Ethiopia. Persia. and India. Whether. in the class of his travels. he visited Athens or studied under Anaxagoras is unsure. During some portion of his life he was instructed in Pythagoreanism. and was a adherent of Leucippus. After several old ages of going. Democritus returned to Abdera. with no agencies of subsistence. His brother Damosis. nevertheless. took him in. Harmonizing to the jurisprudence of Abdera. whoever wasted his patrimony would be deprived of the rites of entombment. Democritus. trusting to avoid this shame. gave public talks. Petronius relates that he was acquainted with the virtuousnesss of herbs. workss. and rocks. and that he spent his life in doing experiments upon natural organic structures. He acquired celebrity with his cognition of natural phenomena. and predicted alterations in the conditions. He used this ability to do people believe that he could foretell future events. They non merely viewed him as something more than person. but even proposed to set him in control of their public personal businesss. He preferred a contemplative to an active life. and hence declined these public awards and passed the balance of his yearss in purdah. Recognition can non be given to the narrative that Democritus spent his leisure hours in chemical researches after the philosopher’s rock - the dream of a ulterior age ; or to the narrative of his conversation with Hippocrates refering Democritus’s supposed lunacy. as based on specious letters. Democritus has been normally known as â€Å"The Laughing Philosopher. † and it is soberly related by Seneca that he neer appeared in public with out showing his disdain of human follies while express joying. Consequently. we find that among his fellow-citizens he had the name of â€Å"the mocker† . He died at more than a 100 old ages of age. It is said that from so on he spent his yearss and darks in caverns and burial chambers. and that. in order to get the hang his rational modules. he blinded himself with firing glass. This narrative. nevertheless. is discredited by the authors who mention it insofar as they say he wrote books and cleft animate beings. neither o f which could be done good without eyes. Democritus expanded the atomic theory of Leucippus. He maintained the impossibleness of spliting things ad infinitum. From the trouble of delegating a beginning of clip. he argued the infinity of bing nature. of null infinite. and of gesture. He supposed the atoms. which are originally similar. to be impenetrable and have a denseness proportionate to their volume. All gestures are the consequence of active and inactive fondness. He drew a differentiation between primary gesture and its secondary effects. that is. impulse and reaction. This is the footing of the jurisprudence of necessity. by which all things in nature are ruled. The universes which we see - with all their belongingss of enormousness. resemblance. and dissimilitude - consequence from the eternal multiplicity of falling atoms. The human psyche consists of ball-shaped atoms of fire. which impart motion to the organic structure. Keeping his atomic theory throughout. Democritus introduced the hypothesis of images or graven images ( eidola ) . a sort of emanation from external objects. which make an feeling on our senses. and from the influence of which he deduced esthesis ( sensation ) and thought ( cognition ) . He distinguished between a rude. progressive. and hence false perceptual experience and a true one. In the same mode. consistent with this theory. he accounted for the popular impressions of Deity ; partially through our incapacity to understand to the full the phenomena of which we are informants. and partially from the feelings communicated by certain existences ( eidola ) of tremendous stature and resembling the human figure which inhabit the air. We know these from dreams and the causes of divination. He carried his theory into practical doctrine besides. puting down that felicity consisted in an even disposition. From this he deduced his moral rules and prudential axioms. It was from Democritus that Epicurus borrowed the chief characteristics of his doctrine. Empedocles ( c. 492- 432 BCE ) Empedocles ( of Acagras in Sicily ) was a philosopher and poet: one of the most of import of the philosophers working before Socrates ( the Presocratics ) . and a poet of outstanding ability and of great influence upon later poets such as Lucretius. His plant On Nature and Purifications ( whether they are two verse forms or merely one – see below ) exist in more than 150 fragments. He has been regarded diversely as a materialist physicist. a shamanic prestidigitator. a mystical theologist. a therapist. a democratic politician. a life God. and a fraud. To him is attributed the innovation of the four-element theory of affair ( Earth. air. fire. and H2O ) . one of the earliest theories of atom natural philosophies. set frontward apparently to deliver the phenomenal universe from the inactive monism of Parmenides. Empedocles’ world-view is of a cosmic rhythm of ageless alteration. growing and decay. in which two personified cosmic forces. Love and Strife. engage in an ageless conflict for domination. In psychological science and moralss Empedocles was a follower of Pythagoras. hence a truster in the transmigration of psyches. and therefore besides a vegetarian. He claims to be a daimon. a Godhead or potentially godly being. who. holding been banished from the immortals Gods for ‘three times infinite years’ for perpetrating the wickedness of meat-eating and forced to endure consecutive reincarnations in an purificatory journey through the different orders of nature and elements of the universe. has now achieved the most perfect of human provinces and will be reborn as an immortal. He besides claims apparently charming powers including the ability to resuscitate the dead and to command the air currents and rains.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Advances in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advances in accounting - Essay Example This research seeks to determine the relevance of OBA in an environment with high competition and the lack of cooperation between the suppliers and consumers. Most companies after exploiting most of the cost reduction methods have resorted to forming supply chains to be competitive in the market. With this, OBA was found to be necessary for reducing cost and thus raised productivity. For OBA to be successful, it requires cooperation and mutual trust between the suppliers and consumers. The researchers have noted that most companies are not willing to share important information with the buyers. This paper is important since it seeks to address the importance and challenges facing the application of OBA technique in inter-organizational cost management. Despite the challenging circumstances under which OBA is applied, the paper addresses how it can be used for the good of the parties involved and also give recommendations on how to counter the challenges involved. The paper is interesting since it involves interacting with people in the real market situation, and the findings thereof are a true reflection of what is happening in the field. The key reference literatures for this research are vi. Sharing Sensitive Information in Supply Relationships: The Flaws in One-way Open-book Negotiation and the Need for Transparency, European Management Journal by Lamming, Richard, Nigel D. Caldwell, Wendy E. Phillips, and Deborah A. Harrison (2005) The above books describe the relevance of OBA to cost reduction and the conditions for the success of the tool to cost management in IOCM. These books seek to describe the challenges facing the implementation of OBA in inter-organization cost management. The research method chosen for the study is interview. This involved interviewing purchasing experts in the first and second phases and afterward interviewed sales experts. These interviews were done using questionnaires, whereby the questionnaires were sent to